Using Temperature Data to Solve Cold-Chain Equipment Problems
Using Top-Opening Refrigerators Without Baskets
How to Assess Possible Contraindications
Reading an Electronic Freeze Indicator
What Temperatures Should Vaccines Be?
IIP-Vaccine Cold Chain
Use and basic maintenance of cold chain and temperature monitoring equipment
Some vaccines are sensitive to freezing. Once they have frozen, they should not be used. Fortunately, there is a way to tell if a freeze sensitive vaccine has been damaged by exposure to temperatures below zero degrees Celsius: the shake test.