How to Read a VVM

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Cold Chain

Maintaining Kerosene Refrigerators

Arrange vaccines and diluents inside the refrigerator so they are not exposed to damaging temperatures

Using Top-Opening Refrigerators With Baskets

Planning

What Is a Process Indicator?

Choose the best position to vaccinate a child based on the number of vaccines to be given, the age of the child, and the materials available

Positioning Infants and Children for Vaccination

Stock Management

Using Top-Opening Refrigerators Without Baskets

Resources

IIP-Vaccine Cold Chain

Use and basic maintenance of cold chain and temperature monitoring equipment

VVMs give health workers a quick and easy way to determine if a vaccine has been exposed to too much heat and likely damaged, and should be discarded.